Spondylolisthesis
Top Washington D.C., Maryland, and Northern Virginia Orthopedic Surgeons Specializing in Spondylolisthesis
This condition occurs when a lumbar vertebra slips out of place. It slides forward, distorting the shape of your spine. This may compress the nerves in the spinal canal. The nerves that exit the foramen (open spaces on the sides of your vertebrae) may also be compressed. These compressed nerves can cause pain and other problems.
What is spondylolisthesis?
This detailed video describes the condition of spondylolisthesis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Treatment options depend on the severity of your condition. Medications may relieve your pain. A back brace may also help. And, you may benefit from physical therapy. If those methods are not successful, you may benefit from a surgical procedure to reduce nerve compression or to stabilize your spine.
What Causes Spondylolisthesis?
There are several reasons why a vertebra might slip out of place. Here are the main culprits:
Congenital Factors: Some people are born with a spine that is more prone to slipping due to structural issues.
Sports or Activity-Related Stress: Repetitive motion or stress on the spine—common in sports like gymnastics, weightlifting, or football—can lead to small fractures or defects in a part of the vertebra called the pars interarticularis.
Aging and Degeneration: Over time, the discs and joints in your spine can wear down, making it easier for a vertebra to slip.
Trauma or Injury: A sudden accident or fall can force a vertebra out of alignment.
Disease or Weakness: Conditions like osteoporosis or cancer that weaken the bones can also contribute to spondylolisthesis.
What Are the Symptoms?
Spondylolisthesis symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some people may not even realize they have it! For others, it might feel like a persistent, nagging discomfort in the lower back. Here are some common symptoms:
- Lower back pain that worsens with activity
- Stiffness or tightness in the back and hamstrings
- Pain that radiates to the legs or buttocks (this is often called sciatica)
- Tingling, numbness, or weakness in the legs
- Difficulty standing or walking for long periods
If the slippage is severe, it may even lead to visible changes in posture or difficulty moving.
How is Spondylolisthesis Diagnosed?
If you suspect you might have spondylolisthesis, it’s a good idea to visit a healthcare professional. A doctor will likely start with a physical exam to assess your pain, range of motion, and any neurological symptoms. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans are typically used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the degree of slippage.